The insurance industry is currently facing several challenges. It often seems like there is only negative news when discussing matters with brokers. It is important to understand the primary factors influencing premiums are reinsurance, capacity, and claims.
Background and Context:
Reinsurance is the insurance that retail carriers purchase to mitigate their risk of losses from the policy terms they offer to policyholders. The amount of reinsurance coverage a carrier purchases contributes to the amount of coverage they can offer to the market, known as capacity. Reinsurance is driven by private investment seeking returns. When the market experiences losses year after year, reinsurance rates increase due to the expectation of paying out anticipated claims.
From 2016 to 2021, the reinsurance marketplace experienced consistent losses, resulting in negative returns for investors. In response, investors withdrew from the space, reducing the coverage capacity that retail carriers could purchase from the reinsurance marketplace. Combined with inflation eroding profits, this led to a spike in premiums over the last four years.
For investors who remained in the reinsurance market from 2021 to 2024, increased rates led to profitability. Positive returns recently attracted more capital into the space. However, reinsurance carriers, wary of being too aggressive with rates and conditions, stabilized their 2024 renewal premiums with modest increases and limited coverage terms compared to the previous four years. Additionally, reinsurance carriers increased the loss retention attachments for retail insurance companies, meaning retail insurers now must pay a higher amount before reinsurance covers the losses. This increased retention forces insurers to enhance their financial stability on their balance sheets, which they report to government regulators. This is another factor that has contributed to increased rates for policy holders.
Homeowners Insurance in New York:
The New York homeowner’s insurance market has faced significant turmoil in recent years, with carriers grappling to maintain financial stability amidst regulatory challenges and shifting industry dynamics. In2023, Kemper Insurance Company’s attempt to exit the New York market was blocked by state regulators, preventing the cancellation of thousands of homeowner’s policies. Instead, Kemper adjusted its approach by modifying agent contracts vicariously forcing agents to organically reposition their clients away from Kemper into other carriers.
The situation escalated in 2024 when two major carriers, Mountain Valley Insurance and Adirondack Insurance Company, were granted approval to terminate thousands of policies by year-end due to financial insolvency. This forced a substantial number of homeowners to seek coverage elsewhere, straining the capacity of remaining carriers. To keep up with demand, carriers have had to purchase additional, often costly, reinsurance—expenses ultimately passed down to policyholders through higher premiums.
Adding to the complexity is regulatory decisions regarding rate changes. While actuaries calculate rates based on exposure and loss probabilities, regulators sometimes reject carriers’ requests for rate increases despite supporting financial data. In response, some carriers have taken an indirect route, increasing the reconstruction value listed on policies to raise premiums without altering rates—an approach that many might view as less than transparent.
The United States is currently contending with the aftermath of Hurricanes Helene and Milton, which have caused estimated damages and economic losses of $240 billion and $150 billion, respectively. Adding to this, the California wildfires in January 2025 are projected to result in damages ranging from $135 billion to $150 billion. Although these disasters are geographically concentrated in the Southeast and West, their effects are rippling across the insurance industry and impacting policyholders nationwide. As a result, 2025 is anticipated to remain a highly challenging market for the industry.
Personal and Commercial Automobile Insurance:

The automobile insurance marketplace has seen significant losses over the last few years. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, auto insurance companies lost an average of 22% in 2023. The National Traffic Safety Bureau reports that auto accident fatalities have increased by 17% since 2020, augmenting claims payouts. Auto theft has also increased, with a study by the Council on Criminal Justice finding a 33.5% increase since 2023. Rochester, NY, has experienced a staggering 355% increase in auto theft.
Additionally, uninsured drivers create a gap in the market, with carriers of insured drivers ultimately paying. Nationally, 1 out of every 9 vehicles on the road is uninsured, though in NY and NJ, only 4% and 3% of vehicles are uninsured, respectively.
Fraud is also rampant in the auto insurance space, with rings of corrupt claimants, doctors, medical examiners, and attorneys surgeries to drive up claim payments.
A V.P. from one of the nation’s 25 largest P&C insurers had this to say “The rate at which claim costs are increasing outpaces the speed that insurance carriers can make up that pricing gap, leading to tighter underwriting on the line. The industry as a whole has not made money providing auto insurance in recent years, and the outlook is that the industry will not turn a profit on this line until at least 2030. This drives the need for rate, risk selection, deductibles, and supporting lines needed to get a carrier to take on an auto fleet.”
In the past, several carriers offered mono-line coverage for automobile insurance. The new normal is that carriers want to see supporting business come with the auto policy, such as homeowners, business owners, or workers’ compensation insurance. Many commercial auto carriers have exited the market altogether, trying to rebalance their portfolios and minimize liabilities. As a result, it is prudent to expect sizable premium increases on renewals and a lack of options from alternative carriers.
Solution – What You Can Do:
There are a few strategies to help keep premiums in check, such as increasing comprehensive and collision deductibles, taking a defensive driving class, installing a driver tracking device, removing drivers who are no longer operating vehicles, and have your broker shop for alternative carriers.
Commercial Property Insurance:
At the beginning of 2024, indicators pointed towards rates plateauing with softening renewal premium increases. Investment in the reinsurance space seemed to be returning cautiously. However, as reinsurance treaties renewed at the end of Q2 of 2024, retail carriers reconsidered their positions, leading to increased property insurance premiums for policyholders. This particularly affected property owners of habitational, coastal, frame, and older construction assets. Underwriters scrutinized tenant bases, especially with the influx of migrants into the habitational marketplace. In NY, Governor Hochul signed a bill preventing carriers from inquiring about, increasing rates, or canceling policies based on building occupancy (NYS House Bill S 8306 ). This led to increased underwriting scrutiny and premium increases for even market-rate and owner-occupied buildings.
The United States is reeling from a series of catastrophic events, including Hurricanes Helene and Milton, which together have caused an estimated $390 billion in damages and economic losses. Meanwhile, the California wildfires of January 2025 are projected to add another $135 to $150 billion in destruction. Although these disasters are regionally concentrated, their repercussions are reverberating throughout the insurance industry. The strain on resources, rising claims, and increased reinsurance costs are expected to drive up premiums nationwide, underscoring the likelihood that 2025 will remain a volatile and challenging year for both insurers and policyholders.
Casualty, Excess Liability, & Umbrella Insurance:
The commercial liability market experienced mixed results throughout 2024, with premium increases persisting across high-hazard classes such as construction, real estate, food processing, and distribution. New specialty programs have entered the space, offering policyholders additional options to compare coverage. However, these programs often gain market share by providing lower premiums in exchange for higher deductibles, more restrictive terms, and increased exclusions. Legacy policyholders with the same carrier and established “premium equity” enjoy a competitive advantage, frequently securing broader coverage and more favorable renewal pricing. Peter Costolnick, Senior Vice President of RT Specialty, a leading insurance wholesale brokerage based in Buffalo, NY says, “We’re in the most challenging insurance market we have seen in the last 25 years. Relationships with the key decision makers matter most when it comes to getting favorable terms. Everything is a “favor” these days. Investing, maintaining and strengthening relationships with wholesale and carrier partners is critical for retail agents to achieve the best outcome for their insureds.” While it is fair for policyholders with clean records to see moderate renewal increases, clients with blemished claim records can expect to see steep increases year after year.
Claims litigation, marked by more severe verdicts and larger settlements, continues to challenge insurers and reinsurers. Carriers are reassessing capacity deployment in casualty markets, particularly in high-exposure verticals. A new rate plateau has emerged, driven by “legal system abuse” —previously known as “social inflation.” This trend includes litigation financing, where private equity investors, independent entities, and even foreign governments fund lawsuits enabling plaintiffs and personal injury law firms to prolong cases and secure larger settlements (aka investment returns). Bloomberg Law reported in 2024, litigation financing has grown into a $15.2 billion industry with no signs of slowing.
With little regulation or oversight, this practice has significantly inflated claim costs, adding to market pressures. William McGroaty of Philadelphia Insurance Company notes, “Traditionally, defense costs are separate and paid in addition to the coverage limits within policies. These expenses represent significant costs that insurance companies must cover in addition to settlements. This not only raises the overall cost of covered claims during litigation but also compels carriers to spend more out of pocket on claim defense, leading them to increase rates for high-risk classes in high-risk territories.”
Large losses and adverse loss development continue to create challenges for insurers, who are seeking additional reinsurance capacity to offset rising loss costs and mitigate the impact of nuclear verdicts. However, reinsurers remain cautious, with capacity in some areas contracting, widening the supply demand gap. While both insurers and reinsurers are expected to absorb some of these increased costs, it is uncertain whether recent rate increases will be sufficient to restore profitability and improve loss ratios. The coming months will be pivotal in shaping the industry’s response to these ongoing pressures. The insurance industry is navigating an unprecedented convergence of challenges, including mounting losses from natural disasters, rising reinsurance costs, regulatory constraints, and evolving market dynamics. Catastrophic events like Hurricanes Helene and Milton, combined with record-breaking wildfires, have strained resources and driven up premiums nationwide. Meanwhile, market-specific challenges such as auto theft, fraudulent claims, and regulatory pressures on rate adjustments continue to reshape the landscape across various lines of coverage.
As insurers balance financial stability with evolving risks, policyholders face increasing premiums and fewer options, especially in high-risk areas. However, strategic steps such as proactive risk management, exploring alternative carriers, and maintaining strong policyholder records can help mitigate the impact. While 2025 promises to remain a turbulent year for the insurance market, it also underscores the industry’s resilience and adaptability in the face of ever-changing challenges.
Solution – What You Can Do:
Policyholders who collaborate with insurance professionals to demonstrate how their business effectively manages exposures, contributing to carrier profitability, are more likely to receive favorable underwriting and rating outcomes. Providing brokers with accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date data, along with realistic target premiums, will significantly streamline the underwriting process and help facilitate negotiations. Most importantly, partnering with reputable brokers who can leverage strong industry relationships will offer long-term advantages and better positioning in the insurance marketplace.
Since 1971, Borg Insurance Agency has proudly served business owners and individuals with exceptional care. Our family-owned and operated independent agency is dedicated to providing the personalized, white-glove service our clients value and trust. With decades of industry expertise, the Borg team is here to guide you through today’s challenging insurance landscape with confidence and ease. Call our office today to experience the difference and let us help you navigate your insurance needs!
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